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Int32
Type-safe signed 32-bit integers with two’s complement encoding and EVM SDIV/SMOD semantics.
Overview
Branded number type representing signed 32-bit integers (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647). Uses two’s complement representation for negative values and implements EVM signed division/modulo semantics.
Quick Start
Basic Operations
Two's Complement
EVM Semantics
Comparison & Sign
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
// Create signed integers
const a = Int32.from(-42)
const b = Int32.from(10)
const zero = Int32.from(0)
// Signed arithmetic
const sum = Int32.plus(a, b) // -32
const diff = Int32.minus(a, b) // -52
const product = Int32.times(a, b) // -420
// Overflow detection
try {
Int32.plus(Int32.MAX, 1) // Throws: overflow
} catch (err) {
console.error('Overflow detected')
}
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
// Two's complement conversions
const negOne = Int32.from(-1)
Int32.toHex(negOne) // "0xffffffff"
const min = Int32.from(-2147483648)
Int32.toHex(min) // "0x80000000"
// Hex to signed
const fromHex = Int32.fromHex("0xFFFFFFFF")
Int32.toNumber(fromHex) // -1
// Bytes (two's complement, big-endian)
const bytes = Int32.toBytes(Int32.from(-1))
// Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff])
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
// SDIV: truncate toward zero
Int32.dividedBy(Int32.from(-10), Int32.from(3)) // -3 (not -4)
Int32.dividedBy(Int32.from(10), Int32.from(-3)) // -3 (not -4)
Int32.dividedBy(Int32.from(-10), Int32.from(-3)) // 3
// SMOD: sign follows dividend
Int32.modulo(Int32.from(-10), Int32.from(3)) // -1 (not 2)
Int32.modulo(Int32.from(10), Int32.from(-3)) // 1 (not -2)
// Overflow on INT32_MIN / -1
try {
Int32.dividedBy(Int32.MIN, Int32.from(-1)) // Result > MAX
} catch (err) {
console.error('Division overflow')
}
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
const a = Int32.from(-42)
const b = Int32.from(10)
// Comparison
Int32.lessThan(a, b) // true
Int32.greaterThan(a, b) // false
Int32.equals(a, a) // true
// Sign operations
Int32.isNegative(a) // true
Int32.isPositive(a) // false
Int32.sign(a) // -1
Int32.sign(Int32.ZERO) // 0
// Absolute value & negate
Int32.abs(a) // 42
Int32.negate(a) // 42
Two’s Complement Encoding
Negative values use two’s complement representation:
| Decimal | Hex | Notes |
|---|
| 2147483647 | 0x7FFFFFFF | INT32_MAX |
| 1 | 0x00000001 | Positive |
| 0 | 0x00000000 | Zero |
| -1 | 0xFFFFFFFF | All bits set |
| -2147483648 | 0x80000000 | INT32_MIN (sign bit) |
- 0 = positive (0 to 2,147,483,647)
- 1 = negative (-2,147,483,648 to -1)
Constants
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
Int32.MIN // -2147483648 (INT32_MIN)
Int32.MAX // 2147483647 (INT32_MAX)
Int32.ZERO // 0
Int32.ONE // 1
Int32.MINUS_ONE // -1
Int32.SIZE // 4 (bytes)
Constructors
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
// Universal constructor
const a = Int32.from(-42)
const b = Int32.from(-42n)
const c = Int32.from("0xFFFFFFFF")
// Type-specific constructors
const d = Int32.fromNumber(-42)
const e = Int32.fromBigInt(-42n)
const f = Int32.fromHex("0x80000000") // -2147483648
const g = Int32.fromBytes(new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff])) // -1
Conversions
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
const value = Int32.from(-42)
// To number
Int32.toNumber(value) // -42
// To bigint
Int32.toBigInt(value) // -42n
// To hex (two's complement)
Int32.toHex(value) // "0xffffffd6"
// To bytes (two's complement, big-endian)
Int32.toBytes(value) // Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xd6])
// To string
Int32.toString(value) // "-42"
// Clone
Int32.clone(value) // Creates independent copy
Arithmetic
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
const a = Int32.from(-100)
const b = Int32.from(30)
// Basic operations
Int32.plus(a, b) // -70
Int32.minus(a, b) // -130
Int32.times(a, b) // -3000
Int32.dividedBy(a, b) // -3 (truncate toward zero)
Int32.modulo(a, b) // -10 (sign follows dividend)
// Sign operations
Int32.abs(a) // 100
Int32.negate(a) // 100 (flips sign)
// Min/max
Int32.minimum(a, b) // -100
Int32.maximum(a, b) // 30
Bitwise Operations
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
const a = Int32.from(0b01010101)
const b = Int32.from(0b00110011)
// Bitwise operations
Int32.bitwiseAnd(a, b) // 0b00010001 (17)
Int32.bitwiseOr(a, b) // 0b01110111 (119)
Int32.bitwiseXor(a, b) // 0b01100110 (102)
Int32.bitwiseNot(a) // ~0b01010101 (inverts all bits)
// Shifts
Int32.shiftLeft(a, 2) // Logical left shift
Int32.shiftRight(Int32.from(-8), 1) // -4 (arithmetic, preserves sign)
Validation
import * as Int32 from '@tevm/voltaire/Int32'
// Check if valid Int32
Int32.isValid(2147483647) // true (MAX)
Int32.isValid(-2147483648) // true (MIN)
Int32.isValid(2147483648) // false (out of range)
Int32.isValid(-2147483649) // false (out of range)
Int32.isValid(42.5) // false (not integer)
// Check sign
Int32.isZero(Int32.ZERO) // true
Int32.isNegative(Int32.from(-1)) // true
Int32.isPositive(Int32.from(1)) // true
API Reference
Constructors
| Function | Description |
|---|
from(value) | Universal constructor from number, bigint, hex, or bytes |
fromNumber(n) | From JavaScript number |
fromBigInt(n) | From BigInt |
fromHex(hex) | From hex string (two’s complement) |
fromBytes(bytes) | From Uint8Array (big-endian) |
Conversions
| Function | Description |
|---|
toNumber(v) | To JavaScript number |
toBigInt(v) | To BigInt |
toHex(v) | To hex string |
toBytes(v) | To Uint8Array (big-endian) |
toString(v) | To decimal string |
clone(v) | Create copy |
Arithmetic
| Function | Description |
|---|
plus(a, b) | Addition with overflow check |
minus(a, b) | Subtraction with overflow check |
times(a, b) | Multiplication with overflow check |
dividedBy(a, b) | Division (truncate toward zero) |
modulo(a, b) | Modulo (sign follows dividend) |
abs(v) | Absolute value |
negate(v) | Negate (flip sign) |
Comparison
| Function | Description |
|---|
equals(a, b) | Equality check |
lessThan(a, b) | Less than comparison |
greaterThan(a, b) | Greater than comparison |
minimum(a, b) | Return smaller value |
maximum(a, b) | Return larger value |
Bitwise
| Function | Description |
|---|
bitwiseAnd(a, b) | Bitwise AND |
bitwiseOr(a, b) | Bitwise OR |
bitwiseXor(a, b) | Bitwise XOR |
bitwiseNot(v) | Bitwise NOT |
shiftLeft(v, n) | Left shift |
shiftRight(v, n) | Arithmetic right shift |
Validation
| Function | Description |
|---|
isValid(v) | Check if valid Int32 |
isZero(v) | Check if zero |
isNegative(v) | Check if negative |
isPositive(v) | Check if positive |
sign(v) | Return -1, 0, or 1 |
- Int8 - Signed 8-bit integers
- Int16 - Signed 16-bit integers
- Int64 - Signed 64-bit integers
- Int128 - Signed 128-bit integers
- Int256 - Signed 256-bit integers
References
