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Int16

Type-safe signed 16-bit integers with two’s complement encoding and EVM SDIV/SMOD semantics.

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Overview

Branded number type representing signed 16-bit integers (-32768 to 32767). Uses two’s complement representation for negative values and implements EVM signed division/modulo semantics.

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Quick Start

import * as Int16 from 'tevm/Int16'

// Create signed integers
const a = Int16(-1000)
const b = Int16(500)
const zero = Int16(0)

// Signed arithmetic
const sum = Int16.plus(a, b)        // -500
const diff = Int16.minus(a, b)      // -1500
const product = Int16.times(-50, 100) // -5000

// Overflow detection
try {
  Int16.plus(20000, 15000)  // Throws: overflow
} catch (err) {
  console.error('Overflow detected')
}

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Two’s Complement Encoding

Negative values use two’s complement representation:
DecimalHexBinaryNotes
327670x7FFF0111111111111111INT16_MAX
10x00010000000000000001Positive
00x00000000000000000000Zero
-10xFFFF1111111111111111All bits set
-327680x80001000000000000000INT16_MIN (sign bit)
Bit 15 is the sign bit:
  • 0 = positive (0 to 32767)
  • 1 = negative (-32768 to -1)

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EVM SDIV/SMOD Semantics

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Signed Division (SDIV)

Truncates toward zero (not toward negative infinity): 
// Positive / positive
Int16.dividedBy(1000, 3)    // 333

// Negative / positive (truncate toward zero)
Int16.dividedBy(-1000, 3)   // -333 (not -334)

// Positive / negative
Int16.dividedBy(1000, -3)   // -333 (not -334)

// Negative / negative
Int16.dividedBy(-1000, -3)  // 333

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Signed Modulo (SMOD)

Sign follows the dividend (first operand): 
// sign(a mod b) = sign(a)
Int16.modulo(-1000, 3)      // -1 (sign follows -1000)
Int16.modulo(1000, -3)      // 1 (sign follows 1000)
Int16.modulo(-1000, -3)     // -1 (sign follows -1000)

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Overflow Handling

All operations check for overflow: 
// Addition overflow
Int16.plus(20000, 15000)       // Throws: 35000 > MAX(32767)

// Subtraction overflow
Int16.minus(-20000, 15000)     // Throws: -35000 < MIN(-32768)

// Multiplication overflow
Int16.times(200, 200)          // Throws: 40000 > MAX(32767)

// Division overflow (special case)
Int16.dividedBy(-32768, -1)    // Throws: result 32768 > MAX(32767)

// abs() overflow
Int16.abs(-32768)              // Throws: result 32768 > MAX(32767)

// negate() overflow
Int16.negate(-32768)           // Throws: result 32768 > MAX(32767)

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Arithmetic Right Shift

shiftRight preserves the sign bit (arithmetic shift): 
// Positive: fills with 0
Int16.shiftRight(1024, 1)    // 512

// Negative: fills with 1 (preserves sign)
Int16.shiftRight(-1024, 1)   // -512

// -1 stays -1 (all bits set)
Int16.shiftRight(-1, 1)      // -1

// INT16_MIN (-32768)
Int16.shiftRight(-32768, 1)  // -16384
Contrast with logical right shift (would treat as unsigned).

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Bitwise Operations

Bitwise operations work on two’s complement representation: 
// AND
Int16.and(-1, 0x0fff)                      // 4095 (0xFFFF & 0x0FFF = 0x0FFF)

// OR
Int16.or(0b0101010101010101, 0b0011001100110011)  // 30583

// XOR
Int16.xor(0b0101010101010101, 0b0011001100110011) // 13158

// NOT
Int16.not(0)   // -1 (0x0000 → 0xFFFF)
Int16.not(-1)  // 0 (0xFFFF → 0x0000)

// Left shift (wraps to negative)
Int16.shiftLeft(16384, 1)  // -32768 (0x4000 → 0x8000)

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Constructors

import * as Int16 from 'tevm/Int16'

// From number (most common)
const a = Int16(-1000)
const b = Int16(-1000)

// From bigint
const c = Int16(-1000n)

// From hex (two's complement)
const d = Int16("0xFFFF")    // -1
const e = Int16("0x8000")    // -32768

// From bytes (two's complement, big-endian)
const f = Int16(new Uint8Array([0xFF, 0xFF]))  // -1
const g = Int16(new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34]))  // 4660

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Conversions

import * as Int16 from 'tevm/Int16'

const value = Int16(-1000)

// To number
Int16.toNumber(value)  // -1000

// To bigint
Int16.toBigint(value)  // -1000n

// To hex (two's complement)
Int16.toHex(value)     // "0xfc18" (64536 as unsigned)

// To bytes (two's complement, big-endian)
Int16.toBytes(value)   // Uint8Array([0xfc, 0x18])

// To string
Int16.toString(value)  // "-1000"

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Validation

import * as Int16 from 'tevm/Int16'

// Check if valid Int16
Int16.isValid(32767)    // true
Int16.isValid(-32768)   // true
Int16.isValid(32768)    // false (out of range)
Int16.isValid(-32769)   // false (out of range)
Int16.isValid(42.5)     // false (not integer)
  • Int8 - Signed 8-bit integers (-128 to 127)
  • Uint - Unsigned 256-bit integers
  • Opcode - EVM instructions (SDIV, SMOD)

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References