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EIP-4844 Features
Active Since: Cancun (March 13, 2024)Blob Transactions (Type 3)
Transaction Format:- Type 3 transactions (blob-carrying)
- Up to 6 blobs per transaction (~125KB each, total ~750KB)
- Blobs stored in consensus layer (not execution layer)
- Blobs pruned after ~18 days (4096 epochs)
- Size: 4096 field elements × 32 bytes = 131,072 bytes (~128KB)
- Encoding: BLS12-381 field elements
- KZG commitments for data availability proofs
New Opcodes
BLOBHASH (0x49):- Pushes versioned hash of blob at given index
- Input: blob index (0-5)
- Returns: 32-byte versioned hash
- Pushes current blob gas base fee
- Returns: blob base fee per gas
Blob Gas Market
Separate Fee Market:- Blob gas separate from execution gas
- Target: 3 blobs per block (393,216 blob gas)
- Maximum: 6 blobs per block (786,432 blob gas)
- Base fee adjustment: EIP-1559-style mechanism
- Independent blob base fee (starts at 1 wei)
- Exponential adjustment based on blob usage
- Much cheaper than calldata (~10-100x reduction)
Usage Patterns
L2 Data Availability
Select cheapest L2 data posting method:Transaction Type Selection
Choose appropriate transaction format:Gas Estimation
Calculate costs for blob vs calldata:Opcode Availability
Check blob-related opcodes:Smart Contract Integration
Access blob hashes in smart contracts:Network Configuration
Validate blob transaction support:EIP References
Primary:- EIP-4844 - Shard blob transactions
- KZG polynomial commitments (BLS12-381 curve)
- Point evaluation precompile at 0x0A
Impact
For L2 Rollups:- 10-100x cost reduction for data availability
- Enables higher throughput at lower cost
- Standard data availability layer for Ethereum L2s
- Lower L2 transaction fees
- No direct impact on L1 transactions (separate fee market)
- Must handle Type 3 transactions
- Blob data only available for ~18 days (temporary storage)
- KZG commitments for data availability proofs
- New opcodes: BLOBHASH, BLOBBASEFEE
- Increased block size (~125KB per blob, max 6 blobs)
- Separate blob gas fee market
- Blobs pruned from consensus layer after ~18 days
See Also
- hasEIP1153 - Check transient storage availability (Cancun)
- hasEIP1559 - Check EIP-1559 base fee availability (London)
- isAtLeast - General version comparison

