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EIP-1559 Features
Active Since: London (August 5, 2021)Changes Introduced
Base Fee Mechanism:- Base fee per gas (burned, not paid to miners)
- Dynamic base fee adjustment based on block fullness
- Target block utilization: 50% (15M gas out of 30M limit)
- Base fee increases/decreases by max 12.5% per block
- Type 2 transactions (EIP-1559 format)
maxFeePerGas- Maximum total fee willing to paymaxPriorityFeePerGas- Tip for block producer- Effective gas price =
min(maxFeePerGas, baseFee + maxPriorityFeePerGas)
BASEFEE(0x48) - Pushes current block’s base fee onto stack
Usage Patterns
Transaction Type Selection
Choose appropriate transaction format:Gas Price Calculation
Calculate effective gas price:Fee Market Configuration
Configure fee market parameters:Opcode Availability
Check BASEFEE opcode support:Network Configuration
Validate network supports EIP-1559:EIP References
Primary:- EIP-1559 - Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain
Impact
For Users:- More predictable transaction fees
- No overpaying during low-congestion periods
- Base fee burned (deflationary pressure on ETH)
- Must handle two transaction formats (Type 0 legacy, Type 2 EIP-1559)
- Fee estimation more complex (base fee + priority fee)
- BASEFEE opcode available for smart contracts
- Only receive priority fee (tip), not base fee
- Incentivized to include transactions with higher tips
See Also
- hasEIP3855 - Check PUSH0 opcode availability (Shanghai)
- hasEIP4844 - Check blob transactions availability (Cancun)
- isAtLeast - General version comparison

