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EIP-4844 Transactions
Blob transactions for L2 data availability, introduced in Dencun hard fork.Overview
EIP-4844 transactions (Type 3) attach large data blobs for L2 rollup data availability. Blobs are pruned after ~18 days but provide cheaper data storage than calldata.Type Definition
Creating EIP-4844 Transactions
Blob Basics
Blob Size
- Each blob: 128 KB (131,072 bytes)
- Maximum: 6 blobs per transaction
- Blob data stored separately from transaction
Blob Gas
- Fixed: 131,072 gas per blob
- Total blob gas = blob_count × 131,072
Versioned Hashes
Blob commitments using KZG (Kate-Zaverucha-Goldberg):getBlobGasCost
Calculate total blob gas cost.Usage
Total Cost
Blob Base Fee
Blob base fee adjusts independently from execution base fee:- < 3 blobs: blob base fee decreases
- > 3 blobs: blob base fee increases
getEffectiveGasPrice
EIP-4844 uses same execution gas pricing as EIP-1559:Methods
Blob Data
Blob data is NOT included in transaction:RLP Encoding
Use Cases
- L2 Rollups - Post transaction data for data availability
- Data availability - Cheaper than calldata
- Temporary storage - Data pruned after ~18 days
Limitations
- No contract creation -
tocannot be null - Pruning - Blobs deleted after ~18 days
- Size limit - Maximum 6 blobs (768 KB)
- Network support - Requires Dencun hard fork
Cost Comparison
| Method | Cost (per byte) | Persistent | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| calldata | ~16 gas | Forever | Permanent data |
| Blobs | ~1 gas | ~18 days | L2 rollup data |
| Storage | ~20,000 gas | Forever | Contract state |
When to Use
Use EIP-4844 for:- L2 rollup data availability
- Temporary large data (< 768 KB)
- Cost optimization for data posting
- Permanent data needed
- Data < 10 KB
- Pre-Dencun networks

