> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://voltaire.tevm.sh/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# primitives/PublicKey

> Auto-generated API documentation

[**@tevm/voltaire**](../index.mdx)

***

[@tevm/voltaire](../index.mdx) / primitives/PublicKey

# primitives/PublicKey

## Type Aliases

### PublicKeyType

> **PublicKeyType** = `Uint8Array` & `object`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/PublicKeyType.ts:7](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/PublicKeyType.ts#L7)

PublicKey type - 64 byte uncompressed public key
Distinguishes from generic Hex/Uint8Array

#### Type Declaration

##### \[brand]

> `readonly` **\[brand]**: `"PublicKey"`

##### length

> `readonly` **length**: `64`

## Variables

### \_verify()

> `const` **\_verify**: (`publicKey`, `hash`, `signature`) => `boolean`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:25](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L25)

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

##### hash

`HashType`

##### signature

[`Secp256k1SignatureType`](../crypto/Secp256k1.mdx#secp256k1signaturetype)

#### Returns

`boolean`

***

### PublicKey

> `const` **PublicKey**: `object`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:122](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L122)

#### Type Declaration

##### compress()

> **compress**: (`publicKey`) => `Uint8Array`

Compress a public key from 64 bytes (uncompressed) to 33 bytes (compressed)

Compressed format: prefix (1 byte) + x-coordinate (32 bytes)
Prefix is 0x02 if y is even, 0x03 if y is odd

Compressed keys are preferred for storage and transmission due to smaller size.
Uncompressed keys are needed by some legacy systems.

###### Parameters

###### publicKey

Public key (hex string or 64 bytes)

`string` | `Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

###### Returns

`Uint8Array`

Compressed public key (33 bytes)

###### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const compressed = PublicKey.compress("0x1234...");
console.log(compressed.length); // 33
```

##### decompress()

> **decompress**: (`compressed`) => [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Decompress a public key from 33 bytes (compressed) to 64 bytes (uncompressed)

Solves the curve equation y² = x³ + 7 mod p and chooses y based on prefix parity.

###### Parameters

###### compressed

`Uint8Array`

Compressed public key (33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix)

###### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Uncompressed public key (64 bytes)

###### Throws

If compressed format is invalid

###### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const uncompressed = PublicKey.decompress(compressed);
console.log(uncompressed.length); // 64
```

##### from()

> **from**: (`hex`) => [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Create PublicKey from hex string

###### Parameters

###### hex

`string`

Hex string (64 bytes uncompressed)

###### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key

###### Throws

If hex string format is invalid

###### Throws

If hex is not 64 bytes

###### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const pk = PublicKey.from("0x1234...");
```

##### fromPrivateKey()

> **fromPrivateKey**: (`privateKey`) => [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Derive public key from private key

###### Parameters

###### privateKey

[`PrivateKeyType`](PrivateKey.mdx#privatekeytype)

Private key

###### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key (64 bytes uncompressed)

###### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const publicKey = PublicKey.fromPrivateKey(pk);
```

##### isCompressed()

> **isCompressed**: (`bytes`) => `boolean`

Check if a public key is in compressed format

Returns true for 33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix, false otherwise

###### Parameters

###### bytes

`Uint8Array`

Public key bytes

###### Returns

`boolean`

True if compressed format

###### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const isComp = PublicKey.isCompressed(bytes);
```

##### toAddress()

> **toAddress**: (`publicKey`) => [`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### Parameters

###### publicKey

`string`

###### Returns

[`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

##### toHex()

> **toHex**: (`publicKey`) => `string`

###### Parameters

###### publicKey

`string`

###### Returns

`string`

##### verify()

> **verify**: (`publicKey`, `hash`, `signature`) => `boolean`

###### Parameters

###### publicKey

`string`

###### hash

`HashType`

###### signature

[`SignatureType`](Signature.mdx#signaturetype)

###### Returns

`boolean`

## Functions

### \_compress()

> **\_compress**(`publicKey`): `Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/compress.js:16](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/compress.js#L16)

Compress a public key from 64 bytes (uncompressed) to 33 bytes (compressed)

Compressed format: prefix (1 byte) + x-coordinate (32 bytes)
Prefix is 0x02 if y is even, 0x03 if y is odd

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Uncompressed public key (64 bytes)

#### Returns

`Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

Compressed public key (33 bytes)

#### Example

```javascript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';
const compressed = PublicKey._compress(publicKey);
```

***

### \_decompress()

> **\_decompress**(`compressed`): [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/decompress.js:16](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/decompress.js#L16)

Decompress a public key from 33 bytes (compressed) to 64 bytes (uncompressed)

Solves y² = x³ + 7 mod p and chooses y based on prefix parity

#### Parameters

##### compressed

`Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

Compressed public key (33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix)

#### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Uncompressed public key (64 bytes)

#### Throws

If compressed format is invalid

#### Example

```javascript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';
const uncompressed = PublicKey._decompress(compressed);
```

***

### \_isCompressed()

> **\_isCompressed**(`bytes`): `boolean`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/isCompressed.js:15](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/isCompressed.js#L15)

Check if a public key is in compressed format

Returns true for 33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix, false otherwise

#### Parameters

##### bytes

`Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

Public key bytes

#### Returns

`boolean`

True if compressed format

#### Example

```javascript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';
const isCompressed = PublicKey._isCompressed(bytes);
```

***

### \_toAddress()

> **\_toAddress**(`this`): [`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/toAddress.ts:16](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/toAddress.ts#L16)

Derive Ethereum address from public key

#### Parameters

##### this

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key

#### Returns

[`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

Ethereum address (20 bytes)

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const address = PublicKey._toAddress.call(pk);
```

***

### \_toHex()

> **\_toHex**(`this`): `string`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/toHex.ts:14](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/toHex.ts#L14)

Convert PublicKey to hex string

#### Parameters

##### this

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key

#### Returns

`string`

Hex string

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const hex = PublicKey._toHex.call(pk);
```

***

### compress()

> **compress**(`publicKey`): `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:68](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L68)

Compress a public key from 64 bytes (uncompressed) to 33 bytes (compressed)

Compressed format: prefix (1 byte) + x-coordinate (32 bytes)
Prefix is 0x02 if y is even, 0x03 if y is odd

Compressed keys are preferred for storage and transmission due to smaller size.
Uncompressed keys are needed by some legacy systems.

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

Public key (hex string or 64 bytes)

`string` | `Uint8Array`\<`ArrayBufferLike`>

#### Returns

`Uint8Array`

Compressed public key (33 bytes)

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const compressed = PublicKey.compress("0x1234...");
console.log(compressed.length); // 33
```

***

### decompress()

> **decompress**(`compressed`): [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:93](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L93)

Decompress a public key from 33 bytes (compressed) to 64 bytes (uncompressed)

Solves the curve equation y² = x³ + 7 mod p and chooses y based on prefix parity.

#### Parameters

##### compressed

`Uint8Array`

Compressed public key (33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix)

#### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Uncompressed public key (64 bytes)

#### Throws

If compressed format is invalid

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const uncompressed = PublicKey.decompress(compressed);
console.log(uncompressed.length); // 64
```

***

### from()

> **from**(`hex`): [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/from.ts:22](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/from.ts#L22)

Create PublicKey from hex string

#### Parameters

##### hex

`string`

Hex string (64 bytes uncompressed)

#### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key

#### Throws

If hex string format is invalid

#### Throws

If hex is not 64 bytes

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const pk = PublicKey.from("0x1234...");
```

***

### fromPrivateKey()

> **fromPrivateKey**(`privateKey`): [`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/fromPrivateKey.ts:16](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/fromPrivateKey.ts#L16)

Derive public key from private key

#### Parameters

##### privateKey

[`PrivateKeyType`](PrivateKey.mdx#privatekeytype)

Private key

#### Returns

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

Public key (64 bytes uncompressed)

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const publicKey = PublicKey.fromPrivateKey(pk);
```

***

### isCompressed()

> **isCompressed**(`bytes`): `boolean`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:114](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L114)

Check if a public key is in compressed format

Returns true for 33 bytes with 0x02/0x03 prefix, false otherwise

#### Parameters

##### bytes

`Uint8Array`

Public key bytes

#### Returns

`boolean`

True if compressed format

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import * as PublicKey from './primitives/PublicKey/index.js';

const isComp = PublicKey.isCompressed(bytes);
```

***

### toAddress()

> **toAddress**(`publicKey`): [`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:32](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L32)

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

`string`

#### Returns

[`AddressType`](Address.mdx#addresstype)

***

### toHex()

> **toHex**(`publicKey`): `string`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:28](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L28)

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

`string`

#### Returns

`string`

***

### verify()

> **verify**(`publicKey`, `hash`, `signature`): `boolean`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts:36](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/index.ts#L36)

#### Parameters

##### publicKey

`string`

##### hash

`HashType`

##### signature

[`SignatureType`](Signature.mdx#signaturetype)

#### Returns

`boolean`

***

### Verify()

> **Verify**(`deps`): (`publicKey`, `hash`, `signature`) => `boolean`

Defined in: [src/primitives/PublicKey/verify.js:7](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/primitives/PublicKey/verify.js#L7)

Factory: Verify signature against public key

#### Parameters

##### deps

Crypto dependencies

###### secp256k1Verify

(`signature`, `hash`, `publicKey`) => `boolean`

Secp256k1 signature verification function (expects 64-byte public key)

#### Returns

Function that verifies ECDSA signature

> (`publicKey`, `hash`, `signature`): `boolean`

##### Parameters

###### publicKey

[`PublicKeyType`](#publickeytype)

###### hash

`HashType`

###### signature

[`Secp256k1SignatureType`](../crypto/Secp256k1.mdx#secp256k1signaturetype)

##### Returns

`boolean`