> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://voltaire.tevm.sh/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

> Auto-generated TypeScript API documentation from source code

# Generated API Reference

[**@tevm/voltaire**](../index.mdx)

***

[@tevm/voltaire](../index.mdx) / evm

# evm

EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) module

Provides execution frame, host interface, and complete opcode handler implementations.
Based on guillotine-mini architecture with TypeScript/Zig dual implementation.

## Namespaces

* [Arithmetic](namespaces/Arithmetic.mdx)
* [Bitwise](namespaces/Bitwise.mdx)
* [Block](namespaces/Block.mdx)
* [Comparison](namespaces/Comparison.mdx)
* [Context](namespaces/Context.mdx)
* [Control](namespaces/Control.mdx)
* [Keccak](namespaces/Keccak.mdx)
* [Log](namespaces/Log.mdx)
* [Memory](namespaces/Memory.mdx)
* [Stack](namespaces/Stack.mdx)
* [Storage](namespaces/Storage.mdx)
* [System](namespaces/System.mdx)

## Type Aliases

### BrandedFrame

> **BrandedFrame** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:11](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L11)

BrandedFrame - EVM execution frame

Represents an EVM execution frame with stack, memory, gas accounting,
and execution state. Based on guillotine-mini Frame structure.

#### Properties

##### \[brand]

> `readonly` **\[brand]**: `"Frame"`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:12](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L12)

##### accessedAddresses?

> `optional` **accessedAddresses**: `Set`\<`string`>

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:47](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L47)

##### accessedStorageKeys?

> `optional` **accessedStorageKeys**: `Map`\<`string`, `boolean`>

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:48](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L48)

##### address

> **address**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:28](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L28)

##### authorized

> **authorized**: `bigint` | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:40](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L40)

##### blobBaseFee?

> `optional` **blobBaseFee**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:62](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L62)

##### blobVersionedHashes?

> `optional` **blobVersionedHashes**: `bigint`\[]

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:65](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L65)

##### blockBaseFee?

> `optional` **blockBaseFee**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:60](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L60)

##### blockDifficulty?

> `optional` **blockDifficulty**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:58](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L58)

##### blockGasLimit?

> `optional` **blockGasLimit**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:57](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L57)

##### blockHashes?

> `optional` **blockHashes**: `Map`\<`bigint`, `bigint`>

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:64](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L64)

##### blockNumber?

> `optional` **blockNumber**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:55](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L55)

##### blockPrevrandao?

> `optional` **blockPrevrandao**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:59](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L59)

##### blockTimestamp?

> `optional` **blockTimestamp**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:56](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L56)

##### bytecode

> **bytecode**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:24](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L24)

##### calldata

> **calldata**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:30](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L30)

##### callDepth

> **callDepth**: `number`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:41](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L41)

##### caller

> **caller**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:27](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L27)

##### chainId?

> `optional` **chainId**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:61](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L61)

##### coinbase?

> `optional` **coinbase**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:63](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L63)

##### gasRefunds?

> `optional` **gasRefunds**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:52](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L52)

##### gasRemaining

> **gasRemaining**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:23](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L23)

##### hardfork?

> `optional` **hardfork**: [`HardforkType`](../primitives/Hardfork.mdx#hardforktype)

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:44](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L44)

##### isStatic

> **isStatic**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:37](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L37)

##### logs?

> `optional` **logs**: `object`\[]

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:69](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L69)

###### address

> **address**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### data

> **data**: `Uint8Array`

###### topics

> **topics**: `bigint`\[]

##### memory

> **memory**: `Map`\<`number`, `number`>

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:18](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L18)

##### memorySize

> **memorySize**: `number`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:19](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L19)

##### output

> **output**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:31](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L31)

##### pc

> **pc**: `number`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:22](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L22)

##### returnData

> **returnData**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:32](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L32)

##### reverted

> **reverted**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:36](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L36)

##### selfBalance?

> `optional` **selfBalance**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:66](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L66)

##### stack

> **stack**: `bigint`\[]

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:15](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L15)

##### stopped

> **stopped**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:35](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L35)

##### storageOriginalValues?

> `optional` **storageOriginalValues**: `Map`\<`string`, `bigint`>

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:51](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L51)

##### value

> **value**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:29](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L29)

#### Methods

##### add()

> **add**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:76](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L76)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### addmod()

> **addmod**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:83](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L83)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### div()

> **div**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:79](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L79)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### exp()

> **exp**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:85](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L85)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### mod()

> **mod**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:81](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L81)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### mul()

> **mul**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:77](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L77)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### mulmod()

> **mulmod**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:84](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L84)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### sdiv()

> **sdiv**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:80](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L80)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### signextend()

> **signextend**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:86](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L86)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### smod()

> **smod**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:82](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L82)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

##### sub()

> **sub**(): [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:78](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L78)

###### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | `null`

***

### BrandedHost

> **BrandedHost** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:30](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L30)

BrandedHost - EVM host interface for external state access

Provides access to account state (balances, storage, code, nonces) and
nested execution capabilities.

## Architecture Note

This module provides low-level EVM primitives (opcode handlers, frame management).
For full EVM execution with nested calls, use:

* **guillotine**: Production EVM with async state access, tracing, and full EIP support
* **guillotine-mini**: Lightweight synchronous EVM for testing and simple use cases

The `call` and `create` methods on this interface are optional - when not provided,
system opcodes (CALL, CREATE, etc.) will return a NotImplemented error. This is
intentional: these low-level utils don't include a full execution engine.

Based on guillotine-mini HostInterface vtable pattern.

#### Properties

##### \[brand]

> `readonly` **\[brand]**: `"Host"`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:31](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L31)

##### call()?

> `optional` **call**: (`params`) => [`CallResult`](#callresult)

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:91](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L91)

Execute a nested CALL operation (CALL, STATICCALL, DELEGATECALL, CALLCODE)

Optional - when not provided, CALL-family opcodes return NotImplemented error.
Full implementations provided by guillotine/guillotine-mini EVM engines.

###### Parameters

###### params

[`CallParams`](#callparams)

###### Returns

[`CallResult`](#callresult)

##### create()?

> `optional` **create**: (`params`) => [`CreateResult`](#createresult)

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:99](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L99)

Execute a nested CREATE operation (CREATE, CREATE2)

Optional - when not provided, CREATE-family opcodes return NotImplemented error.
Full implementations provided by guillotine/guillotine-mini EVM engines.

###### Parameters

###### params

[`CreateParams`](#createparams)

###### Returns

[`CreateResult`](#createresult)

##### getBalance()

> **getBalance**: (`address`) => `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:36](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L36)

Get account balance

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### Returns

`bigint`

##### getCode()

> **getCode**: (`address`) => `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:46](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L46)

Get account code

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### Returns

`Uint8Array`

##### getNonce()

> **getNonce**: (`address`) => `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:66](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L66)

Get account nonce

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### Returns

`bigint`

##### getStorage()

> **getStorage**: (`address`, `slot`) => `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:56](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L56)

Get storage slot value

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### slot

`bigint`

###### Returns

`bigint`

##### getTransientStorage()

> **getTransientStorage**: (`address`, `slot`) => `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:77](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L77)

Get transient storage slot value (EIP-1153)
Transaction-scoped, cleared at end of transaction

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### slot

`bigint`

###### Returns

`bigint`

##### setBalance()

> **setBalance**: (`address`, `balance`) => `void`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:41](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L41)

Set account balance

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### balance

`bigint`

###### Returns

`void`

##### setCode()

> **setCode**: (`address`, `code`) => `void`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:51](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L51)

Set account code

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### code

`Uint8Array`

###### Returns

`void`

##### setNonce()

> **setNonce**: (`address`, `nonce`) => `void`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:71](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L71)

Set account nonce

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### nonce

`bigint`

###### Returns

`void`

##### setStorage()

> **setStorage**: (`address`, `slot`, `value`) => `void`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:61](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L61)

Set storage slot value

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### slot

`bigint`

###### value

`bigint`

###### Returns

`void`

##### setTransientStorage()

> **setTransientStorage**: (`address`, `slot`, `value`) => `void`

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/HostType.ts:83](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/HostType.ts#L83)

Set transient storage slot value (EIP-1153)
Transaction-scoped, cleared at end of transaction

###### Parameters

###### address

[`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### slot

`bigint`

###### value

`bigint`

###### Returns

`void`

***

### CallParams

> **CallParams** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:60](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L60)

CallParams - Parameters for EVM call operations

Used by CALL, STATICCALL, DELEGATECALL, CALLCODE opcodes.

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
const params: CallParams = {
  callType: "CALL",
  target: targetAddress,
  value: 1000000000000000000n, // 1 ether in wei
  gasLimit: 100000n,
  input: calldata,
  caller: frame.address,
  isStatic: false,
};
```

#### Properties

##### caller

> **caller**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:77](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L77)

Caller address

##### callType

> **callType**: [`CallType`](#calltype-1)

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:62](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L62)

Type of call operation

##### depth

> **depth**: `number`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:83](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L83)

Call depth

##### gasLimit

> **gasLimit**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:71](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L71)

Gas limit for call

##### input

> **input**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:74](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L74)

Input data (calldata)

##### isStatic

> **isStatic**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:80](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L80)

Static call flag (write protection)

##### target

> **target**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:65](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L65)

Target contract address

##### value

> **value**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:68](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L68)

Value to transfer (wei)

***

### CallResult

> **CallResult** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:112](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L112)

CallResult - Result of EVM call operation

Returned by call operations (CALL, STATICCALL, DELEGATECALL, etc.)

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
// Successful call
const result: CallResult = {
  success: true,
  gasUsed: 21000n,
  output: returnData,
  logs: [{ address, topics, data }],
  gasRefund: 0n,
};

// Failed call (reverted)
const revertResult: CallResult = {
  success: false,
  gasUsed: 50000n,
  output: revertReason,
  logs: [],
  gasRefund: 0n,
};
```

#### Properties

##### gasRefund

> **gasRefund**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:130](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L130)

Gas refund from storage deletions

##### gasUsed

> **gasUsed**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:117](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L117)

Gas consumed by call

##### logs

> **logs**: `object`\[]

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:123](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L123)

Logs emitted during call

###### address

> **address**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

###### data

> **data**: `Uint8Array`

###### topics

> **topics**: `bigint`\[]

##### output

> **output**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:120](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L120)

Return data or revert reason

##### success

> **success**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:114](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L114)

Whether call succeeded (false if reverted)

***

### CallType

> **CallType** = `"CALL"` | `"STATICCALL"` | `"DELEGATECALL"` | `"CALLCODE"`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:36](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L36)

CallType - EVM call operation types

Determines context preservation for cross-contract calls.

***

### CreateParams

> **CreateParams** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:150](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L150)

CreateParams - Parameters for contract creation

Used by CREATE and CREATE2 opcodes.

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
// CREATE2 with deterministic address
const params: CreateParams = {
  caller: deployerAddress,
  value: 0n,
  initCode: contractBytecode,
  gasLimit: 1000000n,
  salt: 0x123n, // For CREATE2
};
```

#### Properties

##### caller

> **caller**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype)

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:152](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L152)

Deployer address

##### depth

> **depth**: `number`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:167](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L167)

Call depth

##### gasLimit

> **gasLimit**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:161](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L161)

Gas limit for deployment

##### initCode

> **initCode**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:158](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L158)

Initialization code

##### salt?

> `optional` **salt**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:164](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L164)

Salt for CREATE2 (optional)

##### value

> **value**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:155](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L155)

Value to transfer (wei)

***

### CreateResult

> **CreateResult** = `object`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:194](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L194)

CreateResult - Result of contract creation

Returned by CREATE and CREATE2 operations.

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
// Successful deployment
const result: CreateResult = {
  success: true,
  address: newContractAddress,
  gasUsed: 200000n,
  output: runtimeCode,
};

// Failed deployment
const failResult: CreateResult = {
  success: false,
  address: null,
  gasUsed: 100000n,
  output: revertReason,
};
```

#### Properties

##### address

> **address**: [`AddressType`](../primitives/Address.mdx#addresstype) | `null`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:199](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L199)

Address of deployed contract (null if failed)

##### gasRefund

> **gasRefund**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:208](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L208)

Gas refund

##### gasUsed

> **gasUsed**: `bigint`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:202](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L202)

Gas consumed by deployment

##### output

> **output**: `Uint8Array`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:205](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L205)

Runtime code or revert reason

##### success

> **success**: `boolean`

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:196](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L196)

Whether deployment succeeded

***

### EvmError

> **EvmError** = \{ `type`: `"StackOverflow"`; } | \{ `type`: `"StackUnderflow"`; } | \{ `type`: `"OutOfGas"`; } | \{ `type`: `"OutOfBounds"`; } | \{ `type`: `"InvalidJump"`; } | \{ `type`: `"InvalidOpcode"`; } | \{ `type`: `"RevertExecuted"`; } | \{ `type`: `"CallDepthExceeded"`; } | \{ `type`: `"WriteProtection"`; } | \{ `type`: `"InsufficientBalance"`; } | \{ `message`: `string`; `type`: `"NotImplemented"`; }

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts:92](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/FrameType.ts#L92)

EvmError - Frame execution errors

***

### InstructionHandler()

> **InstructionHandler** = (`frame`, `host`) => [`EvmError`](#evmerror) | \{ `type`: `"Success"`; }

Defined in: [src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts:26](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/InstructionHandlerType.ts#L26)

InstructionHandler - Function signature for EVM opcode handlers

Each opcode is implemented as a function that mutates the frame state
and returns success or an error.

Based on guillotine-mini instruction handler pattern.

#### Parameters

##### frame

[`BrandedFrame`](#brandedframe)

##### host

[`BrandedHost`](#brandedhost)

#### Returns

[`EvmError`](#evmerror) | \{ `type`: `"Success"`; }

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
// ADD opcode handler (0x01)
const addHandler: InstructionHandler = (frame: BrandedFrame, host: BrandedHost) => {
  if (frame.stack.length < 2) {
    return { type: "StackUnderflow" };
  }
  const b = frame.stack.pop()!;
  const a = frame.stack.pop()!;
  frame.stack.push((a + b) % 2n**256n); // Mod 2^256
  return { type: "Success" };
};
```

## Functions

### Frame()

> **Frame**(`params`): [`BrandedFrame`](#brandedframe)

Defined in: [src/evm/Frame/index.ts:59](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Frame/index.ts#L59)

Create a new EVM execution frame

#### Parameters

##### params

`FrameParams` = `{}`

Frame initialization parameters

#### Returns

[`BrandedFrame`](#brandedframe)

New Frame instance

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import { Frame } from 'voltaire/evm/Frame';

const frame = Frame({
  bytecode: new Uint8Array([0x60, 0x01]),
  gas: 100000n,
});
```

***

### Host()

> **Host**(`impl`): [`BrandedHost`](#brandedhost)

Defined in: [src/evm/Host/index.ts:65](https://github.com/evmts/voltaire/blob/bd6ec34405c15ad8cd51d11579d495dc53813482/src/evm/Host/index.ts#L65)

Create a Host interface implementation

#### Parameters

##### impl

`HostImpl`

Host implementation with state access methods

#### Returns

[`BrandedHost`](#brandedhost)

Host instance

#### Example

```typescript theme={null}
import { Host } from 'voltaire/evm/Host';

const host = Host({
  getBalance: (addr) => balances.get(addr) ?? 0n,
  setBalance: (addr, bal) => balances.set(addr, bal),
  // ... other methods
});
```

## References

### Precompiles

Renames and re-exports [precompiles](../index/namespaces/precompiles.mdx)