> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://voltaire.tevm.sh/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Test Vectors

> Official BLS12-381 test vectors from Ethereum consensus specs

<Card title="Try it Live" icon="play" href="https://playground.tevm.sh?example=crypto/bls12381.ts">
  Run BLS12-381 examples in the interactive playground
</Card>

<Warning>
  **This page is a placeholder.** All examples on this page are currently AI-generated and are not correct. This documentation will be completed in the future with accurate, tested examples.
</Warning>

# Test Vectors

Official test vectors for validating BLS12-381 implementations.

## Source

[Ethereum Consensus Specs - BLS Test Vectors](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/tree/master/tests/general/phase0/bls)

## Point Encoding

### G1 Generator (Uncompressed)

```
x: 0x17f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb
y: 0x08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1
```

### G2 Generator (Uncompressed)

```
x.c0: 0x024aa2b2f08f0a91260805272dc51051c6e47ad4fa403b02b4510b647ae3d1770bac0326a805bbefd48056c8c121bdb8
x.c1: 0x13e02b6052719f607dacd3a088274f65596bd0d09920b61ab5da61bbdc7f5049334cf11213945d57e5ac7d055d042b7e
y.c0: 0x0ce5d527727d6e118cc9cdc6da2e351aadfd9baa8cbdd3a76d429a695160d12c923ac9cc3baca289e193548608b82801
y.c1: 0x0606c4a02ea734cc32acd2b02bc28b99cb3e287e85a763af267492ab572e99ab3f370d275cec1da1aaa9075ff05f79be
```

## Signature Verification

### Test Vector 1

**Private Key**:

```
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
```

**Public Key (G2)**:

```
0x97f1d3a73197d7942695638c4fa9ac0fc3688c4f9774b905a14e3a3f171bac586c55e83ff97a1aeffb3af00adb22c6bb08b3f481e3aaa0f1a09e30ed741d8ae4fcf5e095d5d00af600db18cb2c04b3edd03cc744a2888ae40caa232946c5e7e1
```

**Message**:

```
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
```

**Signature (G1)**:

```
0xb6ed936746e01f8ecf281f020953fbf1f01debd5657c4a383940b020b26507f6076334f91e2366c96e9ab279fb5158090352ea1c5b0c9274504f4f0e7053af24802e51e4568d164fe986834f41e55c8e850ce1f98458c0cfc9ab380b55285a55
```

## Hash-to-Curve

Test vectors for hash-to-G1 and hash-to-G2 (RFC 9380).

### Hash-to-G1

**Domain Separation Tag**:

```
"BLS_SIG_BLS12381G1_XMD:SHA-256_SSWU_RO_"
```

**Input Message**:

```
"abc"
```

**Expected G1 Point**:

```
x: 0x...
y: 0x...
```

## Pairing

### Test Vector: e(G1, G2) ≠ 1

```typescript theme={null}
const g1 = G1_GENERATOR;
const g2 = G2_GENERATOR;

const result = await pairing(g1, g2);
// Should NOT equal identity in GT
```

### Test Vector: e(aG1, bG2) = e(G1, G2)^(ab)

```typescript theme={null}
const a = 5;
const b = 7;
const ab = 35;

const e1 = await pairing(mul(G1_GEN, a), mul(G2_GEN, b));
const e2 = pow(await pairing(G1_GEN, G2_GEN), ab);

// e1 should equal e2
```

## Edge Cases

### Point at Infinity

```typescript theme={null}
const infinity_g1 = new Uint8Array(128); // All zeros
const infinity_g2 = new Uint8Array(256); // All zeros

// Adding infinity should return the other point
const result = await g1Add(point, infinity_g1);
// result === point
```

### Subgroup Checks

Invalid G2 point (on curve but not in prime-order subgroup):

```
x.c0: 0x...
x.c1: 0x...
y.c0: 0x...
y.c1: 0x...

// Should be rejected by g2Add/g2Mul
```

## Aggregation

### Aggregate Signature Test

```typescript theme={null}
const privkeys = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const message = hash("test message");

const signatures = privkeys.map(sk => sign(sk, message));
const aggregated = await aggregateSignatures(signatures);

const pubkeys = privkeys.map(sk => derivePublicKey(sk));
const aggregatedPubkey = await aggregatePublicKeys(pubkeys);

const isValid = await verify(aggregated, aggregatedPubkey, message);
// Should be true
```

## Related

* [BLS Signatures](./signatures)
* [Pairing](./pairing)
* [Security](./security)

## References

* [Consensus Spec Tests](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests)
* [RFC 9380 Test Vectors](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9380/)